Extensive microscale N isotopic heterogeneity in chondritic organic matter

Introduction: H and N isotopic anomalies (mainly excesses of D and 15N) in organic matter from primitive meteorites and IDPs suggest preservation of presolar molecular cloud material [1-3]. However, there have been very few spatially correlated H and N studies for either chondrites or IDPs [4, 5]. We report C and N isotopic imaging data for organic matter from four meteorites and three IDPs. D/H imaging data for many of the same samples are presented in [6, 7] and bulk organic isotope data in [8]

Unified dynamics of electrons and photons via Zitterbewegung and spin-orbit interaction

We show that when an electron or photon propagates in a cylindrically symmetric waveguide, it experiences both a Zitterbewegung effect and a spin-orbit interaction leading to identical propagation dynamics for both particles. Applying a unified perturbative approach to both particles simultaneously, we find that to first order in perturbation theory, their Hamiltonians each contain identical Darwin (Zitterbewegung) and spin-orbit terms, resulting in the unification of their dynamics. The presence of the Zitterbewegung effect may be interpreted physically as the delocalization of the electron on the scale of its Compton wavelength, or the delocalization of the photon on the scale of its wavelength in the waveguide. The presence of the spin-orbit interaction leads to the prediction of several rotational effects: the spatial or time evolution of either particle\u27s spin or polarization vector is controlled by the sign of its orbital angular momentum quantum number or, conversely, its spatial wave function is controlled by its spin angular momentum

Hybrid LSTM and Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Detection of Image Forgeries

With advanced image journaling tools, one can easily alter the semantic meaning of an image by exploiting certain manipulation techniques such as copy-clone, object splicing, and removal, which mislead the viewers. In contrast, the identification of these manipulations becomes a very challenging task as manipulated regions are not visually apparent. This paper proposes a high-confidence manipulation localization architecture which utilizes resampling features, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) cells, and encoder-decoder network to segment out manipulated regions from non-manipulated ones. Resampling features are used to capture artifacts like JPEG quality loss, upsampling, downsampling, rotation, and shearing. The proposed network exploits larger receptive fields (spatial maps) and frequency domain correlation to analyze the discriminative characteristics between manipulated and non-manipulated regions by incorporating encoder and LSTM network. Finally, decoder network learns the mapping from low-resolution feature maps to pixel-wise predictions for image tamper localization. With predicted mask provided by final layer (softmax) of the proposed architecture, end-to-end training is performed to learn the network parameters through back-propagation using ground-truth masks. Furthermore, a large image splicing dataset is introduced to guide the training process. The proposed method is capable of localizing image manipulations at pixel level with high precision, which is demonstrated through rigorous experimentation on three diverse datasets

U.S. International Tax Policy and Corporate America

Given the Republican-controlled House and narrow Democratic majority in the Senate, the Biden Administration has found itself in the perilous situation of needing to raise tax revenue while retaining the support of moderate Democrats. President Biden has proposed raising revenue by bringing the United States closer to a worldwide no deferral system and raising the corporate tax rate from 21 percent to 28 percent. These changes are unlikely to become law. Together, they simply do not have the support of moderate Democrats, Republicans, and, especially, Corporate America. This Article aims to resolve the Biden Administration’s conundrum by proposing a worldwide no deferral system with a corporate tax rate in the mid to high teens. In fact, such a proposal has already, in some sense, been made by both the Biden Administration and Congress and recently enacted into law: the 15 percent corporate alternative minimum tax. But few recognize this new tax system as a worldwide no deferral system because it is imposed on financial accounting income and applies only to the largest corporations. This Article addresses a gap in existing proposals for U.S. international tax reform by discussing Corporate America’s focus on the interaction between financial accounting and tax accounting. Additionally, it proposes a U.S. international tax system that could have the support of tax scholars, policymakers, and Corporate America, all without sacrificing revenue

Friction of air in small pipes and fittings

The work of Park and Peterson during 1909-10 at the Missouri School of Mines revealed the fact that more data are needed concerning the loss of pressure due to elbows and other fittings of pipes under three inches in size. Accordingly, we decided to undertake the continuation of their work as a thesis. The apparatus used was practically the same as used in the previous thesis --page 1